Lu Qian is a character in the epic tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Lu was a friend of Lin Chong's and he also served as an official to the Song Dynasty. Lu was not a trustworthy person and he had repaid Lin Chong's kindness with evil twice. He diverted Lin Chong's attention away from his wife by asking Lin out for drinks with him. Meanwhile, Gao Yanei, Gao Qiu's foster son, seized the opportunity to dishonour Lin's wife by trying to rape her. Lin later found out about the incident and went to his wife's rescue, and managed to chase Gao Yanei away. When he went back to find Lu Qian, the latter was gone.
Later, Lin Chong was framed with attempting to assassinate Gao Qiu by bringing a weapon into the White Tiger Hall and sentenced to exile. Even when Lin Chong was in exile, Gao Qiu did not want to let him off as Lin had offended him and his foster son. Gao sent Lu Qian to bribe the prison commander of the prison where Lin was held captive in exile to finish off Lin. Lu Qian and the prison commander were killed after a vicious fight with Lin Chong when Lin caught them trying to set fire to the storage field in his charge.
The Lu-Lin story was manifested on film in a Hong Kong movie in the late 1990s.
Friday, September 19, 2008
Liu Menglong
Liu Menglong is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Liu Menglong got his name when his mother dreamt of a dragon in her sleep while she was pregnant and gave birth to him shortly afterwards. She named him 'Menglong', as 'Menglong' is literally translated as 'Dream Dragon' in Chinese.
Liu featured in various parts of the novel, but rose to prominence in chapters 78-80 in the 5th imperial assault on Liangshan, serving as the chief naval commander for Gao Qiu's forces, of which a massive fleet had been commissioned to defeat the Liangshan rebels once and for all. The assault failed and all of Liu's troops died or captured; Liu was captured and released, but eventually executed by Gao for his failure and also due to him being obsolete as he had no more troops to command.
Liu Menglong got his name when his mother dreamt of a dragon in her sleep while she was pregnant and gave birth to him shortly afterwards. She named him 'Menglong', as 'Menglong' is literally translated as 'Dream Dragon' in Chinese.
Liu featured in various parts of the novel, but rose to prominence in chapters 78-80 in the 5th imperial assault on Liangshan, serving as the chief naval commander for Gao Qiu's forces, of which a massive fleet had been commissioned to defeat the Liangshan rebels once and for all. The assault failed and all of Liu's troops died or captured; Liu was captured and released, but eventually executed by Gao for his failure and also due to him being obsolete as he had no more troops to command.
Liangshan County
Liangshan County is a in Shandong province, China. Within its administrative territory is the famous Mount Liang . The area is the setting for the classic novel the ''Water Margin''.
Li Tianrun
Li Tianrun is a character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''.
Li was an officer of the Southern rebel Fang La, and is best remembered as the one who killed some of Liangshan's best officers including , Dong Ping and .
Li was an officer of the Southern rebel Fang La, and is best remembered as the one who killed some of Liangshan's best officers including , Dong Ping and .
Li Shishi
Li Shishi is a character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''.
Li was a famous prostitute in the capital, and the Emperor Huizhong was a regular client of hers.
Li encounters the Liangshan heroes on two occasions; on the second, more important encounter, she befriends Yan Qing and agrees to become his sworn elder sister. She then promises Yan then she will tell the emperor about the heroes' plight and desire to be granted an amnesty.
Li was a famous prostitute in the capital, and the Emperor Huizhong was a regular client of hers.
Li encounters the Liangshan heroes on two occasions; on the second, more important encounter, she befriends Yan Qing and agrees to become his sworn elder sister. She then promises Yan then she will tell the emperor about the heroes' plight and desire to be granted an amnesty.
Huang Wenbing
Huang Wenbing was an official in the Chinese novel ''Water Margin'' who almost caused Song Jiang to be executed. During his exile period in Jiangzhou, Song Jiang wrote a poem on the wall of a restaurant criticizing the Imperial Court in a drunken stupor. Huang Wenbing read the poem by chance and reported it to Cai Jiu, the Governor of Jiangzhou.
Cai had Song Jiang arrested and thrown into prison. Huang used torture to force Song Jiang to confess everything as Song had feigned madness as suggested by Dai Zong. Cai Jiu found Song Jiang guilty of plotting to overthrow the government and ordered his execution. Wu Yong had Xiao Rang and Jin Da-jian forge a letter by Cai Jing, Cai Jiu's father, to release Song Jiang. Huang found out the forgery as the seal in the letter had a mistake. Cai Jiu was furious and had Dai Zong arrested as well and both Song and Dai were to be executed. The Liangshan heroes stormed the execution ground and rescued both of them. Later, Huang Wenbing was caught by Zhang Shun while escaping from the Liangshan heroes who sought revenge on him. In the end, Huang was stabbed to death by .
Cai had Song Jiang arrested and thrown into prison. Huang used torture to force Song Jiang to confess everything as Song had feigned madness as suggested by Dai Zong. Cai Jiu found Song Jiang guilty of plotting to overthrow the government and ordered his execution. Wu Yong had Xiao Rang and Jin Da-jian forge a letter by Cai Jing, Cai Jiu's father, to release Song Jiang. Huang found out the forgery as the seal in the letter had a mistake. Cai Jiu was furious and had Dai Zong arrested as well and both Song and Dai were to be executed. The Liangshan heroes stormed the execution ground and rescued both of them. Later, Huang Wenbing was caught by Zhang Shun while escaping from the Liangshan heroes who sought revenge on him. In the end, Huang was stabbed to death by .
Hu Cheng
Hu Cheng is a character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''.
Hu was not one of Liangshan's 108 heroes, but was instead one of the chieftains of the Hu village - one of several villages that the Liangshan heroes would encounter in a skirmish.
Hu was also the elder brother of eventual Liangshan bandit Hu San Niang; however upon the decimation of the Hu family, Hu Cheng went his own way.
Hu was not one of Liangshan's 108 heroes, but was instead one of the chieftains of the Hu village - one of several villages that the Liangshan heroes would encounter in a skirmish.
Hu was also the elder brother of eventual Liangshan bandit Hu San Niang; however upon the decimation of the Hu family, Hu Cheng went his own way.
Guo Shiguang
Guo Shiguang is a character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''.
Guo is best known as one of the southern rebel Fang La's officers, and he was the one who killed Liangshan's Xuan Zan in a fight, but was also killed in the fight as well.
Guo is best known as one of the southern rebel Fang La's officers, and he was the one who killed Liangshan's Xuan Zan in a fight, but was also killed in the fight as well.
Gao Yanei
Gao Yanei was the foster son of Gao Qiu, the high-ranking Song official and eventual nemesis of the Liangshan heroes in the novel ''The Water Margin''.
In the novel, Gao Yanei was entranced by the beauty of Lin Chong's wife and tried to rape her. Lin came back on time and rescued his wife from Gao Yanei. Gao Yanei, being unhappy, ganged up with his foster father and Lu Qian to frame Lin Chong. Lin was accused of attempted assassination on Gao Qiu and exiled to Cangzhou.
Gao then bribed the guards escorting Lin to Cangzhou to kill him on the way, but Lu Zhishen rescued Lin from his fate. Gao Qiu was furious with Lu and ordered the temple abbot to chase Lu out. Gao Yanei's eventual fate was to be ambushed by Lu Zhishen's followers and castrated.
In the novel, Gao Yanei was entranced by the beauty of Lin Chong's wife and tried to rape her. Lin came back on time and rescued his wife from Gao Yanei. Gao Yanei, being unhappy, ganged up with his foster father and Lu Qian to frame Lin Chong. Lin was accused of attempted assassination on Gao Qiu and exiled to Cangzhou.
Gao then bribed the guards escorting Lin to Cangzhou to kill him on the way, but Lu Zhishen rescued Lin from his fate. Gao Qiu was furious with Lu and ordered the temple abbot to chase Lu out. Gao Yanei's eventual fate was to be ambushed by Lu Zhishen's followers and castrated.
Gao Qiu
Gāo Qiú , nicknamed the 'High Ball', is a character in the epic novel the ''Water Margin''.
Gao starts off as a street urchin who impresses important government officials with his skill at football, but he soon becomes a perpetual thorn in the flesh of the Liangshan bandits. His first run-in with a bandit-to-be is with Lin Chong, whom he frames out of vengeance for his nephew Gao Yanei, in a plot involving Lu Qian, a good friend of Lin's.
Gao rises through the government ranks and eventually becomes Prime Minister, manipulating the incompetent , and ensuring that corruption and decadence prevail. Together with Tong Guan and Cai Jing, Gao Qiu seeks to eliminate Chao Gai and Song Jiang, the leaders of the Liangshan rebels, who have sought to "deliver justice on Heaven's behalf". Following a series of five failed imperial military campaigns against the bandits, Song Jiang takes up the government's offer of an amnesty, believing that this will bring peace and unity to the country.
Although the campaign against the Liao Tartars is successful, close to two thirds of the 108 heroes are slain in the campaign against the Southern rebel Fang La. When Song and his remaining brothers return to the imperial court, having eliminated the rebels, Gao Qiu conspires with his cronies to kill Song and his deputies one by one.
Gao Qiu is the cousin of , an equally corrupt government official who also appears in the novel .
Gao starts off as a street urchin who impresses important government officials with his skill at football, but he soon becomes a perpetual thorn in the flesh of the Liangshan bandits. His first run-in with a bandit-to-be is with Lin Chong, whom he frames out of vengeance for his nephew Gao Yanei, in a plot involving Lu Qian, a good friend of Lin's.
Gao rises through the government ranks and eventually becomes Prime Minister, manipulating the incompetent , and ensuring that corruption and decadence prevail. Together with Tong Guan and Cai Jing, Gao Qiu seeks to eliminate Chao Gai and Song Jiang, the leaders of the Liangshan rebels, who have sought to "deliver justice on Heaven's behalf". Following a series of five failed imperial military campaigns against the bandits, Song Jiang takes up the government's offer of an amnesty, believing that this will bring peace and unity to the country.
Although the campaign against the Liao Tartars is successful, close to two thirds of the 108 heroes are slain in the campaign against the Southern rebel Fang La. When Song and his remaining brothers return to the imperial court, having eliminated the rebels, Gao Qiu conspires with his cronies to kill Song and his deputies one by one.
Gao Qiu is the cousin of , an equally corrupt government official who also appears in the novel .
Gao Lian (Water Margin)
Gao Lian is a character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''.
Like his notorious relative, Gao Qiu, Gao Lian was a corrupt government official who crossed swords with the Liangshan bandits. Gao Lian's relative Yin Tianxi once bullied and humiliated Chai Jin's uncle and Chai's uncle died of the severe injuries caused by Yin. Later, Yin Tianxi was killed by in a fit of anger when Chai Jin went to confront Yin, escorted by Li Kui.
Chai was held responsible for Yin's death and was arrested by Gao Lian. Li Kui had fled back to Liangshan to seek help from the heroes. Gao Lian had Chai severely tortured and locked up in a prison in Gaotangzhou. Later, the Liangshan heroes arrived with an army to attack Gaotangzhou and rescue Chai Jin.
Gao Lian was a master of sorcery and he defeated the heroes in the first battle by conjuring up a whirlwind. Song Jiang who had some knowledge in sorcery managed to dispel the whirlwind and allowed the heroes to launch an attack. Later, Gao Lian summoned some fiercesome and poisonous beasts with his magic shield to attack the heroes. He was eventually defeated by Gongsun Sheng in a battle of magical powers. The heroes then managed to break through Gaotangzhou's defences and killed Gao Lian. Chai Jin was rescued after being hidden in a dry well by Gao Lian for days.
Like his notorious relative, Gao Qiu, Gao Lian was a corrupt government official who crossed swords with the Liangshan bandits. Gao Lian's relative Yin Tianxi once bullied and humiliated Chai Jin's uncle and Chai's uncle died of the severe injuries caused by Yin. Later, Yin Tianxi was killed by in a fit of anger when Chai Jin went to confront Yin, escorted by Li Kui.
Chai was held responsible for Yin's death and was arrested by Gao Lian. Li Kui had fled back to Liangshan to seek help from the heroes. Gao Lian had Chai severely tortured and locked up in a prison in Gaotangzhou. Later, the Liangshan heroes arrived with an army to attack Gaotangzhou and rescue Chai Jin.
Gao Lian was a master of sorcery and he defeated the heroes in the first battle by conjuring up a whirlwind. Song Jiang who had some knowledge in sorcery managed to dispel the whirlwind and allowed the heroes to launch an attack. Later, Gao Lian summoned some fiercesome and poisonous beasts with his magic shield to attack the heroes. He was eventually defeated by Gongsun Sheng in a battle of magical powers. The heroes then managed to break through Gaotangzhou's defences and killed Gao Lian. Chai Jin was rescued after being hidden in a dry well by Gao Lian for days.
Fang Xi
Fang Xi was a rebel in the Song Dynasty and also a nemesis of the 108 heroes of Liangshan in the epic tale, the ''Water Margin''.
The Han characters "方腊" are pronounced as "Fang Xi" rather than "Fang La". The confusion was caused when the character "腊" was used as a simplified version of another character "臘" . In fact, the character "腊" was not a simplified character during the Song Dynasty, but another character pronounced as "xi".
The Fang Xi Rebellion took place nearing the end of the northern Song period in China. Fang Xi was by occupation a lumberjack. Being a man from south of the Yangtse River, he became frustrated and angry at the growing corruption in the Song emperor's court. Given that this frustration was shared by many of his compatriots who suffered from the same poverty and neglect he found himself well supported. By gaining massive support and rallying troops south of the Yangtse River, he became formidable enough to challenge the emperor in the north. Soon enough, by conquering and gaining control of vast amounts of land south of the Yangtse, Fang Xi set up his own court and declared himself emperor.
Fang Xi's rebellion was eventually crushed by united local armies organized by the corrupt officials he sought to destroy. Afterwards, Fang Xi was captured and killed.
In contrast to the "Water Margin", Fang Xi never did encounter a force such as Song Jiang's 108 heroes, or even encounter Song Jiang himself who was of another time period.
After Song Jiang had led his men on several successful campaigns against the corrupt imperial government, the latter offered the bandits amnesty. As part of the deal, Song had to repel the Liao Tartars from the north, and a trio of rebel leaders in the south. Fang Xi was one of them; the others being Tian Hu and Wang Qing.
Whilst the Liangshan contingent suffered hardly any casualties up till the point of the defeat of the Liao Tartars, the war against Fang Xi proved to be calamitous. Only 30-odd heroes survived the brutal war, and many of them were killed by Fang's men in gruesome ways, such as Qin Ming and Hao Si-wen.
Fang Xi was eventually captured after an elaborate infiltration scheme involving Chai Jin and he was gagged and tied up by Lu Zhishen, and executed in the capital.
Pronunciation of the name
The Han characters "方腊" are pronounced as "Fang Xi" rather than "Fang La". The confusion was caused when the character "腊" was used as a simplified version of another character "臘" . In fact, the character "腊" was not a simplified character during the Song Dynasty, but another character pronounced as "xi".
The Fang Xi Rebellion
The Fang Xi Rebellion took place nearing the end of the northern Song period in China. Fang Xi was by occupation a lumberjack. Being a man from south of the Yangtse River, he became frustrated and angry at the growing corruption in the Song emperor's court. Given that this frustration was shared by many of his compatriots who suffered from the same poverty and neglect he found himself well supported. By gaining massive support and rallying troops south of the Yangtse River, he became formidable enough to challenge the emperor in the north. Soon enough, by conquering and gaining control of vast amounts of land south of the Yangtse, Fang Xi set up his own court and declared himself emperor.
Fang Xi's rebellion was eventually crushed by united local armies organized by the corrupt officials he sought to destroy. Afterwards, Fang Xi was captured and killed.
In contrast to the "Water Margin", Fang Xi never did encounter a force such as Song Jiang's 108 heroes, or even encounter Song Jiang himself who was of another time period.
''Water Margin''
After Song Jiang had led his men on several successful campaigns against the corrupt imperial government, the latter offered the bandits amnesty. As part of the deal, Song had to repel the Liao Tartars from the north, and a trio of rebel leaders in the south. Fang Xi was one of them; the others being Tian Hu and Wang Qing.
Whilst the Liangshan contingent suffered hardly any casualties up till the point of the defeat of the Liao Tartars, the war against Fang Xi proved to be calamitous. Only 30-odd heroes survived the brutal war, and many of them were killed by Fang's men in gruesome ways, such as Qin Ming and Hao Si-wen.
Fang Xi was eventually captured after an elaborate infiltration scheme involving Chai Jin and he was gagged and tied up by Lu Zhishen, and executed in the capital.
Fang Tianding
Fang Tianding is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Fang is best known as one of the southern rebel Fang La's officers, and he was the one who killed Liangshan's Hao Si-wen in battle. Fang decapitated Hao and dismembered Hao's body, and displayed his head to the heroes. Also, Fang was responsible for the death of Zhang Shun as he had ordered his archers to shoot Zhang to his death while Zhang tried to climb over the Yongjin gate of Hangzhou.
Eventually, Fang was killed by Zhang Heng, Zhang Shun's brother. It was said that Zhang Shun's spirit had possessed his brother's body and killed Fang for revenge at Wuyun Mountain.
Fang is best known as one of the southern rebel Fang La's officers, and he was the one who killed Liangshan's Hao Si-wen in battle. Fang decapitated Hao and dismembered Hao's body, and displayed his head to the heroes. Also, Fang was responsible for the death of Zhang Shun as he had ordered his archers to shoot Zhang to his death while Zhang tried to climb over the Yongjin gate of Hangzhou.
Eventually, Fang was killed by Zhang Heng, Zhang Shun's brother. It was said that Zhang Shun's spirit had possessed his brother's body and killed Fang for revenge at Wuyun Mountain.
Fang Jie
Fang Jie is a character in the epic tale, the ''Water Margin.
Fang is best known as a general for the Southern Song rebel, Fang La. In the campaign against the Liangshan bandits, Fang Jie was responsible for killing Qin Ming on the battlefield with his spear.
He was eventually slayed by Wu Song at the last battle before the capture of Fang La.
Fang is best known as a general for the Southern Song rebel, Fang La. In the campaign against the Liangshan bandits, Fang Jie was responsible for killing Qin Ming on the battlefield with his spear.
He was eventually slayed by Wu Song at the last battle before the capture of Fang La.
Du Wei (Fang La general)
Du Wei is a character in the epic tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Du is best known as an instrumental general for the Song Southern rebel, Fang La. He inflicted great damage on the Liangshan forces when the latter attacked Fang and his men. In one instance, at the battlefield, he threw a flying dagger at Qin Ming and whilst Qin dodged it, Fang Jie seized the opportunity to stab him to death.
Du also killed Sun Er Niang and Yu Bao-si with his flying daggers as well.
Du is best known as an instrumental general for the Song Southern rebel, Fang La. He inflicted great damage on the Liangshan forces when the latter attacked Fang and his men. In one instance, at the battlefield, he threw a flying dagger at Qin Ming and whilst Qin dodged it, Fang Jie seized the opportunity to stab him to death.
Du also killed Sun Er Niang and Yu Bao-si with his flying daggers as well.
Cai Jing
Cai Jing was the Imperial Tutor during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.
In the ''Water Margin'', Gao Qiu and Cai Jing were portrayed as two of the greatest villains and enemies of Song Jiang and the Liangshan heroes. Cai Jing held the post of Premier to the emperor.
In the ''Water Margin'', Gao Qiu and Cai Jing were portrayed as two of the greatest villains and enemies of Song Jiang and the Liangshan heroes. Cai Jing held the post of Premier to the emperor.
Bao Daoyi
Bao Daoyi is a fictional character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''.
Bao was one of southern rebel Fang La's warriors, he is perhaps most famous for slicing off the arm of Wu Song when the Liangshan bandits were tasked by the Song government to eliminate the rebels in the south. Wu Song was saved in time however by Lu Zhishen.
Bao was one of southern rebel Fang La's warriors, he is perhaps most famous for slicing off the arm of Wu Song when the Liangshan bandits were tasked by the Song government to eliminate the rebels in the south. Wu Song was saved in time however by Lu Zhishen.
Bandit Kings of Ancient China
Bandit Kings of Ancient China, also known as ''Suikoden - Tenmei no Chikai'' in Japan, is a turn-based strategy video game published by KOEI in the 1980s for the Nintendo Entertainment System, MS-DOS, Amiga and the . In 1996, KOEI issued a remake for the Japanese Sega and Sony Playstation featuring vastly improved graphics and new arrangements of the original songs.
The game's character and events are based on the Chinese Novel Water Margin. Players start out in a remote prefecture and must expand his base by acquiring additional prefectures, recruit troops and heroes to lead them. The goal is to defeat Gao Qiu by attacking Gao Qiu's base which cannot take place until emperor's edict is received.
Each turn player has several options. Some of which are Hunt, recruit troops or a hero to lead them, improve the land, and rest. Heroes have loyalty which can be increased by giving them gold. If the loyalty of a hero that you have recruited becomes too low, the hero may betray you. To prevent this, player may swear brotherhood with heroes provided their loyalty is high enough, 95 or higher. Depending on the game level, the number of sworn brothers is limited to 9 or fewer. Once a hero becomes a brother, loyalty becomes irrelevant and he will never betray you. Brothers/sisters are also extensions of yourself. Each turn, you may perform one action and likewise, you brothers/sisters can do the same essentially providing you with additional actions per turn. Battles can be resolved automatically or in tactic mode where terrain, a unit's power, supply, and weather needs to be considered. Tactical battle is very similar to Dynasty Tactics game without the tactics element. There is also a turn limit in the game. It ends if the player is unable to obtain an imperial edict and remove Gao Qiu before 1127 A.D.
There are many games in the series, but those later in the series are in Chinese.
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Plot
The game's character and events are based on the Chinese Novel Water Margin. Players start out in a remote prefecture and must expand his base by acquiring additional prefectures, recruit troops and heroes to lead them. The goal is to defeat Gao Qiu by attacking Gao Qiu's base which cannot take place until emperor's edict is received.
Gameplay
Each turn player has several options. Some of which are Hunt, recruit troops or a hero to lead them, improve the land, and rest. Heroes have loyalty which can be increased by giving them gold. If the loyalty of a hero that you have recruited becomes too low, the hero may betray you. To prevent this, player may swear brotherhood with heroes provided their loyalty is high enough, 95 or higher. Depending on the game level, the number of sworn brothers is limited to 9 or fewer. Once a hero becomes a brother, loyalty becomes irrelevant and he will never betray you. Brothers/sisters are also extensions of yourself. Each turn, you may perform one action and likewise, you brothers/sisters can do the same essentially providing you with additional actions per turn. Battles can be resolved automatically or in tactic mode where terrain, a unit's power, supply, and weather needs to be considered. Tactical battle is very similar to Dynasty Tactics game without the tactics element. There is also a turn limit in the game. It ends if the player is unable to obtain an imperial edict and remove Gao Qiu before 1127 A.D.
Games in the series
There are many games in the series, but those later in the series are in Chinese.
Similar games from Koei
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Zheng Mojun
Zheng Mojun is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Zheng was a general of Fang La, and is most noted for having killed Liangshan's Xiang Chong, and Hu San Niang. After killing Wang Ying and Hu San Niang, he started laughing and did not notice approaching him and was killed by Yang.
Zheng was a general of Fang La, and is most noted for having killed Liangshan's Xiang Chong, and Hu San Niang. After killing Wang Ying and Hu San Niang, he started laughing and did not notice approaching him and was killed by Yang.
Zhang Wenyuan
Zhang Wenyuan , not to be confused with Zhang Liao of the Three Kingdoms period, is a minor character in the Water Margin one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.
Zhang was an adulterer in the novel, who had an affair with Song Jiang's wife Yan Poxi. Yan was in love with Zhang and she discovered Song's relations with the bandits from Liangshan. She threatened to report Song to the county office unless Song agreed to her terms, which angered Song and he killed her in a fit of anger.
Zhang was an adulterer in the novel, who had an affair with Song Jiang's wife Yan Poxi. Yan was in love with Zhang and she discovered Song's relations with the bandits from Liangshan. She threatened to report Song to the county office unless Song agreed to her terms, which angered Song and he killed her in a fit of anger.
Zhang Tao
Zhang Tao is a character in the epic Chinese novel, ''Water Margin''.
Zhang was an officer of southern rebel Fang La, and features only in the later chapters of the book when the Liangshan heroes begin their campaigns against the southern rebels. Before the defeat of Fang La, Zhang killed many of Liangshan's men, including the great general Dong Ping.
Zhang was an officer of southern rebel Fang La, and features only in the later chapters of the book when the Liangshan heroes begin their campaigns against the southern rebels. Before the defeat of Fang La, Zhang killed many of Liangshan's men, including the great general Dong Ping.
Zhang Jinren
Zhang Jinren is a character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''.
Zhang was one of the southern rebel Fang La's officers. He appeared towards late in the novel, and together with Gao Keli, was responsible for the deaths of Liangshan's Han Tao and Peng Qi.
Zhang was one of the southern rebel Fang La's officers. He appeared towards late in the novel, and together with Gao Keli, was responsible for the deaths of Liangshan's Han Tao and Peng Qi.
Yan Poxi
Yan Poxi is an adulteress who marries the bandit-hero Song Jiang in the novel, Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.
Song Jiang treated her well when he was still in office as an official, by giving her money to give her dead father a proper funeral. Yan was not faithful to her husband and had an affair with Zhang Wenyuan. Yan found out Song Jiang's relationship with the Liangshan bandits and threatened to expose him. Song Jiang accidentally killed her in an attempt to get his letter.
Song Jiang treated her well when he was still in office as an official, by giving her money to give her dead father a proper funeral. Yan was not faithful to her husband and had an affair with Zhang Wenyuan. Yan found out Song Jiang's relationship with the Liangshan bandits and threatened to expose him. Song Jiang accidentally killed her in an attempt to get his letter.
Wu Dalang
Wu Dalang is a character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''.
Wu Dalang is best known as the elder brother of Wu Song. He was short in stature and was not very good-looking, thus earning him the nickname "Three-inch nail". In contrast, his younger brother was a strong and powerful warrior with good looks.
The brothers' parents died when they were quite young and Wu Dalang shouldered the responsibility of raising his younger brother. Wu Song once got into a fight and knocked out his opponent. He thought he had killed his opponent and fled to avoid arrest by the authorities. The brothers were later reunited after a long period of time.
Wu Dalang was married to Pan Jinlian and the two were known to be quite close in the early days of their marriage. The neighbours usually referred their marriage as "a rose placed atop a pile of cow dung", and eventually the couple could not stand it and moved to Yanggu County.
In Yanggu, Wu made a living by selling pancakes while his wife stayed at home and managed domestic affairs. By coincidence, the brothers were reunited in Yanggu after Wu Song had killed the tiger. The brothers lived together and were quite close. Once, Pan Jinlian was attracted to the handsome Wu Song and tried to seduce him, but Wu Song shoved her away and left.
Once, the county magistrate sent Wu Song out for an errand which took two months. During that time, Pan Jinlian had an adulterous affair with Ximen Qing, and Wu Dalang did not know about it. The adulterous pair were making love when Wu Dalang returned home and caught them in the act. Ximen Qing hit Wu Dalang so hard that Wu Dalang was injured and fell ill.
Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing were worried that Wu Dalang might report their affair to Wu Song, who was serving as a constable head in the county office. Thus, they decided to finish Wu Dalang by poisoning his medicine. Wu Dalang drank the medicine and realised it was poison but was too late. He struggled but was eventually smothered to death with a pillow by his wife. Then, Ximen Qing had Wu Dalang's body cremated, and he tried to bribe the neighbours and the coroner to keep the affair a secret.
Eventually, Wu Song returned from his errand and was shocked to hear about his brother's death. He started an investigation and found out about the adulterous affair and reported it to the magistrate. The magistrate had been bribed and he dismissed the case with the lack of evidence as an excuse. Eventually, Wu Song managed to force a confession from Pan Jinlian and he killed her to avenge his brother. He then went to find Ximen Qing and after a fierce fight, he killed Ximen and cut off his head as a sacrifice to his brother's spirit.
Wu Dalang is best known as the elder brother of Wu Song. He was short in stature and was not very good-looking, thus earning him the nickname "Three-inch nail". In contrast, his younger brother was a strong and powerful warrior with good looks.
The brothers' parents died when they were quite young and Wu Dalang shouldered the responsibility of raising his younger brother. Wu Song once got into a fight and knocked out his opponent. He thought he had killed his opponent and fled to avoid arrest by the authorities. The brothers were later reunited after a long period of time.
Wu Dalang was married to Pan Jinlian and the two were known to be quite close in the early days of their marriage. The neighbours usually referred their marriage as "a rose placed atop a pile of cow dung", and eventually the couple could not stand it and moved to Yanggu County.
In Yanggu, Wu made a living by selling pancakes while his wife stayed at home and managed domestic affairs. By coincidence, the brothers were reunited in Yanggu after Wu Song had killed the tiger. The brothers lived together and were quite close. Once, Pan Jinlian was attracted to the handsome Wu Song and tried to seduce him, but Wu Song shoved her away and left.
Once, the county magistrate sent Wu Song out for an errand which took two months. During that time, Pan Jinlian had an adulterous affair with Ximen Qing, and Wu Dalang did not know about it. The adulterous pair were making love when Wu Dalang returned home and caught them in the act. Ximen Qing hit Wu Dalang so hard that Wu Dalang was injured and fell ill.
Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing were worried that Wu Dalang might report their affair to Wu Song, who was serving as a constable head in the county office. Thus, they decided to finish Wu Dalang by poisoning his medicine. Wu Dalang drank the medicine and realised it was poison but was too late. He struggled but was eventually smothered to death with a pillow by his wife. Then, Ximen Qing had Wu Dalang's body cremated, and he tried to bribe the neighbours and the coroner to keep the affair a secret.
Eventually, Wu Song returned from his errand and was shocked to hear about his brother's death. He started an investigation and found out about the adulterous affair and reported it to the magistrate. The magistrate had been bribed and he dismissed the case with the lack of evidence as an excuse. Eventually, Wu Song managed to force a confession from Pan Jinlian and he killed her to avenge his brother. He then went to find Ximen Qing and after a fierce fight, he killed Ximen and cut off his head as a sacrifice to his brother's spirit.
Water Margin
Water Margin is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Attributed to Shi Naian, whom some believe to be Luo Guanzhong, the novel details the trials and tribulations of outlaws during the mid Song Dynasty.
''Water Margin'' is vaguely based upon the historical bandit Song Jiang and his 36 companions. The group was active in the Huai River region and eventually surrendered to government troops in 1121. They are recorded in the '''' , the name of Song Jiang appearing in the chapter of , the activities of the gang in the chapter for ''Zhang Shuye'' . Folk stories about Song Jiang circulated during the . The first text to name Song Jiang's thirty-six companions was the 13th century ''Guixin Zashi'' by ''Zhou Mi'' . Among the thirty-six are Lu Junyi, Guan Sheng, Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan Xiaoqi, Liu Tang, Hua Rong and Wu Yong. Some of the characters to later become associated with Song Jiang also appeared around this time. They include Sun Li, Yang Zhi, Lin Chong, Lu Zhishen and Wu Song.
A direct precursor of ''Water Margin'' was the ''Da Song Xuanhe Yishi'' , which appeared around the mid-13th century. The text was basically a written version of storytellers' tales, based loosely on historical events. It is divided into ten chapters, roughly covering the history of the Song Dynasty from the early 11th century to the establishment of the Southern Song regime in 1127. The fourth chapter covers the adventures of Song Jiang and his 36 companions, and their eventual defeat by Zhang Shuye . Some of the more well-known stories and characters of the ''Water Margin'' are clearly visible, including "Yang Zhi selling his sword", "Stealing the birthday present", "Song Jiang kills his slave girl", "Fighting Fang La" etc. It places Song Jiang and his bandits in the Taihang Mountains, and his band ran the gamut from fishermen to ex imperial drill instructors to inn-keepers etc.
Stories about the bandits of Mount Liang became popular as subject for Yuan Dynasty drama. During this time the material on which the ''Water Margin'' was based evolved into what it is today. Song Jiang's bandits were expanded to number one hundred and eight, and though they came from different backgrounds, all eventually come to occupy Mount Liang. There is a theory that ''Water Margin'' became popular during the Yuan Dynasty due to resentment toward the Mongol rulers. Song Jiang's rebellion was safe to promote because it criticized the Song Dynasty on the surface, but it was also a call to oppose all corrupt governments.
There is considerable disagreement as to the author of ''Water Margin''. Most consider the first seventy chapters to have been written by Shi Nai'an, while the last thirty chapters were written by Luo Guanzhong, also the author of ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''. Luo may have been the disciple of Shi Nai'an. It has also been suggested that Shi Nai'an did not exist but was merely a pseudonym for Luo Guanzhong himself. Clues from the text itself strongly suggest that the author was a native of Zhejiang province who had little knowledge of northern China. At a 2006 conference, the leading scholars of the work agreed that Shi and Luo were probably the same person, because the name Shi Nai'an written backwards spells "an nai shi", meaning "It is I again."
It is not clear how close the Luo's edition was to those that are known today. The earliest extant edition of ''Water Margin'' is a 100-chapter printed text dating from the mid-16th century. Another edition, with 120 chapters by Yang Dingjian , has been preserved from the era . Yet other editions were published since this era to the early Qing Dynasty, including a 70-chapter edition by Jin Shengtan .
The opening episode is the release of the 108 spirits. The next chapter describes the rise of Gao Qiu, the main antagonist of the 108. Then follow the stories of different outlaws. At first the story may seem like separate stories, which, in a sense, they were. The connections were very vague between characters. But the story eventually comes together by Chapter 40 or so, during the exile and rescue of Song Jiang, who becomes the head of 108 outlaws. Once the main characters gather on the Mount Liang on the marsh, the story goes on with the conflicts with the Song dynasty, while Song Jiang keeps showing his loyalty to the emperor. After winning battles against the imperial forces, the outlaws are offered amnesty and invited by the emperor to become an official army, which Song Jiang willingly accepts. Gao Qiu, not being happy with them, sends them out to fight against the enemies of the dynasty, and finally we will see the tragic ending.
The following outline of chapters is based on a 100-chapter edition. Yang's 120-chapter edition includes other campaigns of the outlaws on behalf of Song dynasty, while Jin's 70-chapter edition omits the chapters on the outlaws' acceptance of amnesty and following campaigns.
The extended version adds the Liangshan Marsh bandits' expeditions against other noted rebel leaders, Tian Hu in Hebei and Wang Qing in Szechuan, prior to the campaign against Fang La.
Japanese translations of the Water Margin date to at least 1757, when the first volume of an early ''Suikoden'' was printed. Other early translations include Takebe Ayakari's 1773 ''Japanese Water Margin'' , the 1783 ''Women's Water Margin'' , and Santō Kyōden's 1801 ''Chushingura Water Margin'' .
In 1805, Takizawa Bakin released a Japanese translation of the ''Water Margin'' illustrated by Hokusai Katsushika. Following the great commercial success of the Kuniyoshi series, other ukiyo-e artists were commissioned to produce prints of the Water Margin heroes, which began to be shown as Japanese heroes rather than the original Chinese personages.
''Water Margin'' has been translated into many languages. One of the first English translations was made by Pearl S. Buck. Titled ''All Men are Brothers'' and published in 1933, the book was well-received by the American public. However, it was also heavily criticized for its many errors and inaccuracies, including many mispronunciations. An often cited example in this edition was her mistranslation of Lu Zhishen's nickname "Flowery Monk" into "Priest Hwa".
Of the later editions, Chinese-naturalized Jewish-American scholar Sidney Shapiro's ''Outlaws of the Marsh'' is considered one of the best. However, due to its being published during the Cultural Revolution, this edition received little attention at the time. Shapiro's translation is currently published by the Beijing Foreign Language Press, as a four-volume set.
*''The Water Margin'' was a successful adaptation of the story, produced by Nippon Television and starring Atsuo Nakamura and Kei Sato in the main roles. The show was filmed in 1973 on location in mainland China, as the first jointly co-produced show with a non-Communist country since 1949. The show was very successful and broadcast on TV in many other countries.
*Some locations and characters were written into Mitsuteru Yokoyama's anime ''Giant Robo: The Animation'' as Yokoyama had previously published a manga version of the story of the outlaws of Mt. Liang.
*A 1980s TV serial was also produced in Hong Kong by the studio TVB.
*A 43 episode TV serial produced in Mainland China was released in 1997.
*A was produced by the Shaw Brothers .
*A Hong Kong movie starring Tony Leung was made in the mid-1990s, centered around Lin Chong, Lu Zhishen and Gao Qiu.
*Qing Dynasty author Qian Cai intertwined the lives of Yue Fei and the bandits Lin Chong and Lu Junyi in '''' by stating the latter were previous students of the general's military arts tutor, . However, literary critic C.T. Hsia comments the connection was only a creation of the author. The folktale “”, by Wang Shaotang, further intertwines Yue Fei's history with the bandits by adding Wu Song to the list of Zhou's former students. The tale takes place during Wu's mission to Kaifeng, prior to the murder of his brother. Zhou tutors Wu in the "rolling dragon" style of swordplay during his one month stay in the capital city. It also says Zhou is sworn brothers with the “Flowery Monk” Lu Zhishen and shares a nickname with the executioner-turned-bandit Cai Fu.
*Frank Chin's novel, ''Donald Duk'', contains many references to the ''Water Margin''. Song Jiang and make several appearances in the protagonist's dreams.
*Two characters in the popular Japanese novel series Saiunkoku Monogatari, Shi Seiran and Rou Ensei, have histories vaguely resembling those of Chai Jin and Yan Qing, and are nicknamed "Small Whirlwind" and "King of the Staff".
*A Hong Kong comic series was also drawn by the popular Hong Kong comic artist, Li Zhiqing.
*Eiji Yoshikawa has written ''新水滸伝 '', roughly translates as "New Tales from the ''Water Margin''".
*A character named "The Black Whirlwhind" in the RPG ''Jade Empire'' is inspired by Li Kui.
*The game ''Water Margin Online'' is adapted from the story of ''Water Margin''.
*The novel inspired the Japanese console role-playing game series ''Gensou Suikoden'' by Konami
* A military strategy game by Koei, called ''Bandit Kings of Ancient China'' is one of the oldest video game adaptations of the novel.
*Data East released a fighting game which was known under three different titles. ''Suiko Enbu'' in Japan, ''Outlaws of The Lost Dynasty'' in the U.S. and ''Dark Legend'' on the American Sega Saturn. The game's characters are inspired by the ''Water Margin'' story.
* Haruo Shirane and James Brandon. ''Early Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology, 1600-1900''. Columbia University Press . ISBN 0231109903.
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Historical context and development
''Water Margin'' is vaguely based upon the historical bandit Song Jiang and his 36 companions. The group was active in the Huai River region and eventually surrendered to government troops in 1121. They are recorded in the '''' , the name of Song Jiang appearing in the chapter of , the activities of the gang in the chapter for ''Zhang Shuye'' . Folk stories about Song Jiang circulated during the . The first text to name Song Jiang's thirty-six companions was the 13th century ''Guixin Zashi'' by ''Zhou Mi'' . Among the thirty-six are Lu Junyi, Guan Sheng, Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan Xiaoqi, Liu Tang, Hua Rong and Wu Yong. Some of the characters to later become associated with Song Jiang also appeared around this time. They include Sun Li, Yang Zhi, Lin Chong, Lu Zhishen and Wu Song.
A direct precursor of ''Water Margin'' was the ''Da Song Xuanhe Yishi'' , which appeared around the mid-13th century. The text was basically a written version of storytellers' tales, based loosely on historical events. It is divided into ten chapters, roughly covering the history of the Song Dynasty from the early 11th century to the establishment of the Southern Song regime in 1127. The fourth chapter covers the adventures of Song Jiang and his 36 companions, and their eventual defeat by Zhang Shuye . Some of the more well-known stories and characters of the ''Water Margin'' are clearly visible, including "Yang Zhi selling his sword", "Stealing the birthday present", "Song Jiang kills his slave girl", "Fighting Fang La" etc. It places Song Jiang and his bandits in the Taihang Mountains, and his band ran the gamut from fishermen to ex imperial drill instructors to inn-keepers etc.
Stories about the bandits of Mount Liang became popular as subject for Yuan Dynasty drama. During this time the material on which the ''Water Margin'' was based evolved into what it is today. Song Jiang's bandits were expanded to number one hundred and eight, and though they came from different backgrounds, all eventually come to occupy Mount Liang. There is a theory that ''Water Margin'' became popular during the Yuan Dynasty due to resentment toward the Mongol rulers. Song Jiang's rebellion was safe to promote because it criticized the Song Dynasty on the surface, but it was also a call to oppose all corrupt governments.
Authorship and early editions
There is considerable disagreement as to the author of ''Water Margin''. Most consider the first seventy chapters to have been written by Shi Nai'an, while the last thirty chapters were written by Luo Guanzhong, also the author of ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''. Luo may have been the disciple of Shi Nai'an. It has also been suggested that Shi Nai'an did not exist but was merely a pseudonym for Luo Guanzhong himself. Clues from the text itself strongly suggest that the author was a native of Zhejiang province who had little knowledge of northern China. At a 2006 conference, the leading scholars of the work agreed that Shi and Luo were probably the same person, because the name Shi Nai'an written backwards spells "an nai shi", meaning "It is I again."
It is not clear how close the Luo's edition was to those that are known today. The earliest extant edition of ''Water Margin'' is a 100-chapter printed text dating from the mid-16th century. Another edition, with 120 chapters by Yang Dingjian , has been preserved from the era . Yet other editions were published since this era to the early Qing Dynasty, including a 70-chapter edition by Jin Shengtan .
Outline of chapters
The opening episode is the release of the 108 spirits. The next chapter describes the rise of Gao Qiu, the main antagonist of the 108. Then follow the stories of different outlaws. At first the story may seem like separate stories, which, in a sense, they were. The connections were very vague between characters. But the story eventually comes together by Chapter 40 or so, during the exile and rescue of Song Jiang, who becomes the head of 108 outlaws. Once the main characters gather on the Mount Liang on the marsh, the story goes on with the conflicts with the Song dynasty, while Song Jiang keeps showing his loyalty to the emperor. After winning battles against the imperial forces, the outlaws are offered amnesty and invited by the emperor to become an official army, which Song Jiang willingly accepts. Gao Qiu, not being happy with them, sends them out to fight against the enemies of the dynasty, and finally we will see the tragic ending.
The following outline of chapters is based on a 100-chapter edition. Yang's 120-chapter edition includes other campaigns of the outlaws on behalf of Song dynasty, while Jin's 70-chapter edition omits the chapters on the outlaws' acceptance of amnesty and following campaigns.
The extended version adds the Liangshan Marsh bandits' expeditions against other noted rebel leaders, Tian Hu in Hebei and Wang Qing in Szechuan, prior to the campaign against Fang La.
Japan
Japanese translations of the Water Margin date to at least 1757, when the first volume of an early ''Suikoden'' was printed. Other early translations include Takebe Ayakari's 1773 ''Japanese Water Margin'' , the 1783 ''Women's Water Margin'' , and Santō Kyōden's 1801 ''Chushingura Water Margin'' .
In 1805, Takizawa Bakin released a Japanese translation of the ''Water Margin'' illustrated by Hokusai Katsushika. Following the great commercial success of the Kuniyoshi series, other ukiyo-e artists were commissioned to produce prints of the Water Margin heroes, which began to be shown as Japanese heroes rather than the original Chinese personages.
Translations
''Water Margin'' has been translated into many languages. One of the first English translations was made by Pearl S. Buck. Titled ''All Men are Brothers'' and published in 1933, the book was well-received by the American public. However, it was also heavily criticized for its many errors and inaccuracies, including many mispronunciations. An often cited example in this edition was her mistranslation of Lu Zhishen's nickname "Flowery Monk" into "Priest Hwa".
Of the later editions, Chinese-naturalized Jewish-American scholar Sidney Shapiro's ''Outlaws of the Marsh'' is considered one of the best. However, due to its being published during the Cultural Revolution, this edition received little attention at the time. Shapiro's translation is currently published by the Beijing Foreign Language Press, as a four-volume set.
Modern transformations
Film and television
*''The Water Margin'' was a successful adaptation of the story, produced by Nippon Television and starring Atsuo Nakamura and Kei Sato in the main roles. The show was filmed in 1973 on location in mainland China, as the first jointly co-produced show with a non-Communist country since 1949. The show was very successful and broadcast on TV in many other countries.
*Some locations and characters were written into Mitsuteru Yokoyama's anime ''Giant Robo: The Animation'' as Yokoyama had previously published a manga version of the story of the outlaws of Mt. Liang.
*A 1980s TV serial was also produced in Hong Kong by the studio TVB.
*A 43 episode TV serial produced in Mainland China was released in 1997.
*A was produced by the Shaw Brothers .
*A Hong Kong movie starring Tony Leung was made in the mid-1990s, centered around Lin Chong, Lu Zhishen and Gao Qiu.
Literature
*Qing Dynasty author Qian Cai intertwined the lives of Yue Fei and the bandits Lin Chong and Lu Junyi in '''' by stating the latter were previous students of the general's military arts tutor, . However, literary critic C.T. Hsia comments the connection was only a creation of the author. The folktale “”, by Wang Shaotang, further intertwines Yue Fei's history with the bandits by adding Wu Song to the list of Zhou's former students. The tale takes place during Wu's mission to Kaifeng, prior to the murder of his brother. Zhou tutors Wu in the "rolling dragon" style of swordplay during his one month stay in the capital city. It also says Zhou is sworn brothers with the “Flowery Monk” Lu Zhishen and shares a nickname with the executioner-turned-bandit Cai Fu.
*Frank Chin's novel, ''Donald Duk'', contains many references to the ''Water Margin''. Song Jiang and make several appearances in the protagonist's dreams.
*Two characters in the popular Japanese novel series Saiunkoku Monogatari, Shi Seiran and Rou Ensei, have histories vaguely resembling those of Chai Jin and Yan Qing, and are nicknamed "Small Whirlwind" and "King of the Staff".
*A Hong Kong comic series was also drawn by the popular Hong Kong comic artist, Li Zhiqing.
*Eiji Yoshikawa has written ''新水滸伝 '', roughly translates as "New Tales from the ''Water Margin''".
Video games
*A character named "The Black Whirlwhind" in the RPG ''Jade Empire'' is inspired by Li Kui.
*The game ''Water Margin Online'' is adapted from the story of ''Water Margin''.
*The novel inspired the Japanese console role-playing game series ''Gensou Suikoden'' by Konami
* A military strategy game by Koei, called ''Bandit Kings of Ancient China'' is one of the oldest video game adaptations of the novel.
*Data East released a fighting game which was known under three different titles. ''Suiko Enbu'' in Japan, ''Outlaws of The Lost Dynasty'' in the U.S. and ''Dark Legend'' on the American Sega Saturn. The game's characters are inspired by the ''Water Margin'' story.
Works cited
* Haruo Shirane and James Brandon. ''Early Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology, 1600-1900''. Columbia University Press . ISBN 0231109903.
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Wang Shangshu
Wang Shangshu is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Wang served as an officer of southern rebel Fang La. In the battle of Wengzhou, Wang killed several of Liangshan's heroes, such as Li Yun and Shi Yong.
Wang served as an officer of southern rebel Fang La. In the battle of Wengzhou, Wang killed several of Liangshan's heroes, such as Li Yun and Shi Yong.
Wang Qing
Wang Qing is a character in the epic Chinese novel ''The Water Margin''.
Wang was one of the 3 southern rebels opposing the , together with Tian Hu and Fang La. Wang based himself in Szechuan. In the extended, 120 chapter version of the novel, Wang is defeated by Song Jiang and his Liangshan bandits before the latter embarks on his campaign against Fang.
Wang was one of the 3 southern rebels opposing the , together with Tian Hu and Fang La. Wang based himself in Szechuan. In the extended, 120 chapter version of the novel, Wang is defeated by Song Jiang and his Liangshan bandits before the latter embarks on his campaign against Fang.
Wang Lun
Wang Lun is a character in the epic tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Wang was not part of the 108 heroes; rather, he was the original ruler of Mount Liang, and his aides were Song Wan and Du Qian. When Chao Gai and his men who had just robbed the imperial birthday presents came knocking on Wang's door seeking refuge, Wang refused to be hospitable.
Lin Chong was also a de facto member of Wang's gang when Chao arrived, and Lin felt that Wang was unworthy to be leader of a stronghold which was geographically very strategic for bandits. Previously, Wang had even despatched Lin to murder someobody to prove his sincerity, but this was a ruse by Wang to get rid of Lin . Nevertheless, under the prompting of Wu, Lin killed Wang right in front of everybody during a feast, and persuaded Chao to take up the position of ruler.
Henceforth, the foundations of the Liangshan heroes were established.
Wang was not part of the 108 heroes; rather, he was the original ruler of Mount Liang, and his aides were Song Wan and Du Qian. When Chao Gai and his men who had just robbed the imperial birthday presents came knocking on Wang's door seeking refuge, Wang refused to be hospitable.
Lin Chong was also a de facto member of Wang's gang when Chao arrived, and Lin felt that Wang was unworthy to be leader of a stronghold which was geographically very strategic for bandits. Previously, Wang had even despatched Lin to murder someobody to prove his sincerity, but this was a ruse by Wang to get rid of Lin . Nevertheless, under the prompting of Wu, Lin killed Wang right in front of everybody during a feast, and persuaded Chao to take up the position of ruler.
Henceforth, the foundations of the Liangshan heroes were established.
Wang Jin (Water Margin)
Wang Jin is a character in the epic tale, ''Water Margin''.
He is featured most prominently in the early chapters of the novel, as an imperial drill instructor who offended Gao Qiu and had to flee the capital. He later encountered Shi Jin and taught him martial arts.
He is featured most prominently in the early chapters of the novel, as an imperial drill instructor who offended Gao Qiu and had to flee the capital. He later encountered Shi Jin and taught him martial arts.
Tian Hu
Tian Hu is one of the chief rebels who appear in the Chinese novel ''The Water Margin'' .
Tian's domain lay in the Hebei region. He, along with Song Jiang, Wang Qing, and Fang La, appears as one of the four chief rebel leaders troubling the whose names are written behind a screen in the imperial palace. In the short version of the story, this is the extent of his appearance. In the extended version , however, the Liangshan Marsh bandits, now acting as government forces, fight both Tian Hu and Wang Qing before embarking on the final expedition against Fang La.
Tian's domain lay in the Hebei region. He, along with Song Jiang, Wang Qing, and Fang La, appears as one of the four chief rebel leaders troubling the whose names are written behind a screen in the imperial palace. In the short version of the story, this is the extent of his appearance. In the extended version , however, the Liangshan Marsh bandits, now acting as government forces, fight both Tian Hu and Wang Qing before embarking on the final expedition against Fang La.
Si Xingfang
Si Xifang is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Si was one of southern rebel Fang La's officer, and he is perhaps best known for killing one of Liangshan's 36 Heavenly Chieftains, Lei Heng.
Si was one of southern rebel Fang La's officer, and he is perhaps best known for killing one of Liangshan's 36 Heavenly Chieftains, Lei Heng.
Shi-wen Gong
Shi-wen Gong is a character in the epic tale, the ''Water Margin''. He is sometimes portrayed as a student of , the archery teacher of Song Dynasty General Yue Fei.
Shi was not part of the Liangshan contingent, but was one of the famous enemies of the Liangshan heroes in the novel. He once served as a military instructor in the Zeng Family Village, and killed Chao Gai, leader of the Liangshan heroes by firing a poisoned arrow at Chao's forehead, causing Chao to die due to the poison afterwards. Chao's dying words were; 'Whoever captures Shi Wengong will succeed me as chief'.
Shi Wengong became a sworn enemy of the Liangshan heroes for killing their chief and the Liangshan heroes continued their assault on the Zeng Family Village after Chao Gai's death just to avenge Chao. Eventually, the Liangshan heroes managed to conquer the Zeng Family Village, but Shi Wengong escaped and was eventually captured by Lu Junyi.
Shi was later executed and his head was used as a sacrifice to Chao Gai's spirit, to assure Chao's spirit that the Liangshan heroes had avenged him.
Shi was not part of the Liangshan contingent, but was one of the famous enemies of the Liangshan heroes in the novel. He once served as a military instructor in the Zeng Family Village, and killed Chao Gai, leader of the Liangshan heroes by firing a poisoned arrow at Chao's forehead, causing Chao to die due to the poison afterwards. Chao's dying words were; 'Whoever captures Shi Wengong will succeed me as chief'.
Shi Wengong became a sworn enemy of the Liangshan heroes for killing their chief and the Liangshan heroes continued their assault on the Zeng Family Village after Chao Gai's death just to avenge Chao. Eventually, the Liangshan heroes managed to conquer the Zeng Family Village, but Shi Wengong escaped and was eventually captured by Lu Junyi.
Shi was later executed and his head was used as a sacrifice to Chao Gai's spirit, to assure Chao's spirit that the Liangshan heroes had avenged him.
Shi Yong
Shi Yong is a character in the ''Water Margin''.
'Stone general' Shi Yong was from Damingfu and made his living through gambling. He stood at 8 feet, had a pale yellowish complexion, sharp eyes and a clean shaven face.
Once, Shi Yong killed someone with a punch while gambling and fled to Chai Jin's residence to avoid arrest. Later, he went to find Song Jiang, but found out that Song Jiang was out hiding from the authorities. Shi Yong eventually met Song Jiang and delivered a letter from Song Jiang's family. In the letter, Song Qing wrote to Song Jiang, telling him that their father had died . Song Jiang wept bitterly after reading the letter and rushed home immediately, while Shi Yong followed the rest of the heroes back to Liangshan to join the band.
Shi Yong became one of the leaders of the Liangshan infantry and 72 Earthly Fiends. After the heroes had been granted amnesty by the emperor, Shi Yong followed them on their campaigns against the Liao Tartars and southern rebels, making great contributions to the imperial court. During the Fang La campaign, Shi Yong was assigned to attack Wengzhou together with Li Yun. He was shocked to see Li Yun being trampled to death by Wang Shangshu and tried to avenge him, but was also speared to death by Wang Shangshu.
'Stone general' Shi Yong was from Damingfu and made his living through gambling. He stood at 8 feet, had a pale yellowish complexion, sharp eyes and a clean shaven face.
Once, Shi Yong killed someone with a punch while gambling and fled to Chai Jin's residence to avoid arrest. Later, he went to find Song Jiang, but found out that Song Jiang was out hiding from the authorities. Shi Yong eventually met Song Jiang and delivered a letter from Song Jiang's family. In the letter, Song Qing wrote to Song Jiang, telling him that their father had died . Song Jiang wept bitterly after reading the letter and rushed home immediately, while Shi Yong followed the rest of the heroes back to Liangshan to join the band.
Shi Yong became one of the leaders of the Liangshan infantry and 72 Earthly Fiends. After the heroes had been granted amnesty by the emperor, Shi Yong followed them on their campaigns against the Liao Tartars and southern rebels, making great contributions to the imperial court. During the Fang La campaign, Shi Yong was assigned to attack Wengzhou together with Li Yun. He was shocked to see Li Yun being trampled to death by Wang Shangshu and tried to avenge him, but was also speared to death by Wang Shangshu.
Shi Naian
Shi Naian , was a classical attributed as the first compiler of ''Water Margin'' from Suzhou.
Not much biographical information is known about him. Some modern scholars doubt that Shi actually existed, and believe his was a teacher of Luo Guanzhong, who was attributed as a main compiler of ''Romance of Three Kingdoms''.
Not much biographical information is known about him. Some modern scholars doubt that Shi actually existed, and believe his was a teacher of Luo Guanzhong, who was attributed as a main compiler of ''Romance of Three Kingdoms''.
Shi Bao
Shi Bao is a character in the epic Chinese novel the ''Water Margin''.
Shi Bao serves under Fang La, the leading rebel in southern China and appears in the last chapters of the novel. He wields a fine sword called "Windsplitter" and is a fearsome warrior with excellent combat skills matching any other character in the story. As such, he is responsible for the deaths of the following Liangshan heroes: Suo Chao, Deng Fei, Yan Shun, Bao Xu and Ma Lin. He finally commits suicide to avoid capture after his army is defeated.
Shi Bao serves under Fang La, the leading rebel in southern China and appears in the last chapters of the novel. He wields a fine sword called "Windsplitter" and is a fearsome warrior with excellent combat skills matching any other character in the story. As such, he is responsible for the deaths of the following Liangshan heroes: Suo Chao, Deng Fei, Yan Shun, Bao Xu and Ma Lin. He finally commits suicide to avoid capture after his army is defeated.
Qiong Ying
Qiong Ying , nicknamed 'The Beautiful Feathers', is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the ''Water Margin''.
She does not appear in the "short" 100-chapter version of the story, which omits the campaign against rebel leader Tian Hu. In the extended 120-chapter version of the story, she is a daughter of one of Tian Hu's generals and is taught stone-throwing skills in her dreams by a mysterious warrior. When Song Jiang's army arrives to conquer Tian Hu's rebel forces and Qiong Ying takes field against the Liangshan forces, she recognizes "Featherless Arrow" as the instructor from her dreams and her fated mate. She and her father play a critical role in helping Song Jiang defeat the rebels and she eventually becomes Zhang Qing's wife.
She does not appear in the "short" 100-chapter version of the story, which omits the campaign against rebel leader Tian Hu. In the extended 120-chapter version of the story, she is a daughter of one of Tian Hu's generals and is taught stone-throwing skills in her dreams by a mysterious warrior. When Song Jiang's army arrives to conquer Tian Hu's rebel forces and Qiong Ying takes field against the Liangshan forces, she recognizes "Featherless Arrow" as the instructor from her dreams and her fated mate. She and her father play a critical role in helping Song Jiang defeat the rebels and she eventually becomes Zhang Qing's wife.
Pei Ruhai
Pei Ruhai is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the ''Water Margin''. Pei was a monk who indulged in sexual activities and was best known for his affair with eventual Liangshan bandit 's wife Pan Qiaoyun.
Shi Xiu, sworn brother to Yang, found out about the adulterous affair and tried to inform Yang about it. Yang, however, chose to believe his wife instead, who accused Shi of molesting her. Yang chased Shi out of his house in anger. Later, Pei Ruhai was killed by Shi Xiu in righteous anger and the whole affair became clear when Pan Qiaoyun confessed everything upon realising that her lover had been killed.
Shi Xiu, sworn brother to Yang, found out about the adulterous affair and tried to inform Yang about it. Yang, however, chose to believe his wife instead, who accused Shi of molesting her. Yang chased Shi out of his house in anger. Later, Pei Ruhai was killed by Shi Xiu in righteous anger and the whole affair became clear when Pan Qiaoyun confessed everything upon realising that her lover had been killed.
Pang Wanchun
Pang Wangchun is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the ''Water Margin''.
Pang was one of the southern rebel Fang La's warriors, and was responsible for the deaths of Shi Jin, Shi Xiu, Ou Peng, Chen Da, Yang Chun, Xue Yong and of Liangshan.
Pang was one of the southern rebel Fang La's warriors, and was responsible for the deaths of Shi Jin, Shi Xiu, Ou Peng, Chen Da, Yang Chun, Xue Yong and of Liangshan.
Luo Zhenren
Luo Zhenren , nicknamed 'The Immortal', is a character in the epic Chinese tale, ''Water Margin''. is a common Chinese surname and Zhenren is a Daoist "True Person" or "Perfected Person".
Luo was not part of the 108 heroes of Liangshan; rather, he was more of an enigmatic character, claiming to be a supreme Taoist magician. Gongsun Sheng, one of the most senior members amongst the 108 bandits, was his student.
Once, Gongsun Sheng left Liangshan to visit his mother and never returned after a long period of time. At that time, the Liangshan heroes were facing a major crisis in attacking Gaotangzhou and required Gongsun's help to break Gao Lian's evil magic power.
Song Jiang sent and Dai Zong to find Gongsun Sheng and eventually they found him living in seclusion with his master where they practised Taoism. Li and Dai tried to persuade Gongsun to go with them but Luo Zhenren refused to allow Gongsun to leave. Li Kui stabbed Luo Zhenren in anger when no one was around for not allowing Gongsun to leave. The next day, the three of them went to see Luo Zhenren to seek his permission again and Li Kui was gleeful, thinking that he had killed Luo Zhenren. When they arrived there, Li was shocked to see that Luo was alive. Eventually, Luo allowed Gongsun to go with the Liangshan heroes and aid them in defeating Gao Lian.
Luo was not part of the 108 heroes of Liangshan; rather, he was more of an enigmatic character, claiming to be a supreme Taoist magician. Gongsun Sheng, one of the most senior members amongst the 108 bandits, was his student.
Once, Gongsun Sheng left Liangshan to visit his mother and never returned after a long period of time. At that time, the Liangshan heroes were facing a major crisis in attacking Gaotangzhou and required Gongsun's help to break Gao Lian's evil magic power.
Song Jiang sent and Dai Zong to find Gongsun Sheng and eventually they found him living in seclusion with his master where they practised Taoism. Li and Dai tried to persuade Gongsun to go with them but Luo Zhenren refused to allow Gongsun to leave. Li Kui stabbed Luo Zhenren in anger when no one was around for not allowing Gongsun to leave. The next day, the three of them went to see Luo Zhenren to seek his permission again and Li Kui was gleeful, thinking that he had killed Luo Zhenren. When they arrived there, Li was shocked to see that Luo was alive. Eventually, Luo allowed Gongsun to go with the Liangshan heroes and aid them in defeating Gao Lian.
Luan Tingyu
Luan Tingyu is a fictional character in the epic Chinese novel, the ''Water Margin''. In the novel '','' he is portrayed as being a of , the military arts tutor of Song Dynasty General Yue Fei. They learn martial arts from a Shaolin master named Tan Zhengfan.
Luan was the chief military instructor of the Zhu Family village - who was trying to capture Chao Gai and his Liangshan bandits for the government bounty - and was nicknamed 'The Invincible'. Luan was once fellow students with Sun Li, so Sun Li had no problem entering the Zhu Family Village to act as a spy for the Liangshan heroes. The Zhu Family village was eventually defeated by the Liangshan heroes, who co-ordinated well from inside and outside.
Luan was the chief military instructor of the Zhu Family village - who was trying to capture Chao Gai and his Liangshan bandits for the government bounty - and was nicknamed 'The Invincible'. Luan was once fellow students with Sun Li, so Sun Li had no problem entering the Zhu Family Village to act as a spy for the Liangshan heroes. The Zhu Family village was eventually defeated by the Liangshan heroes, who co-ordinated well from inside and outside.
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